Car ownership, travel and land use: a comparison of the US and Great Britain
Car ownership, travel and land use: a comparison of the US and Great Britain [An article from: Transportation Research Part A]
This digital document is a journal article from Transportation Research Part A, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
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This paper conducts an international comparative analysis of relationships between car ownership, daily travel and urban form. Using travel diary data for the US and Great Britain, we estimate models of car ownership and daily travel distance. Both a structural model with daily travel conditional upon car ownership and a reduced form model for daily travel, excluding car ownership, are estimated. Model results are similar, and show that differences in travel are explained by (1) differences in demographics between the two countries; (2) lower household income in Great Britain; (3) country specific differences in costs of car ownership and use, transport supply and other factors we have not been able to control. We find that metropolitan size affects travel only in the largest metropolitan areas of the US. Daily travel distance is inversely related to local population density, but the effect is much stronger for the US than Great Britain. We conclude that higher transport costs in Great Britain promote economizing behavior, which in turns leads to more consumption of local goods and services and more use of alternative transport modes.
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Read MoreDecomposition of factors determining the trend of CO”2 emissions from car travel in Great Britain
Decomposition of factors determining the trend of CO”2 emissions from car travel in Great Britain (1970-2000) [An article from: Ecological Economics]
This digital document is a journal article from Ecological Economics, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
Carbon dioxide (CO”2) is the most important of the greenhouse gases that are causing global warming. The transport sector currently accounts for more than one-quarter of CO”2 emissions and more importantly its share in total emissions is increasing in most countries. This paper investigates the key factors in the change in CO”2 emissions from car travel in Great Britain over the last 30 years. It attempts to disentangle determinants of growth in CO”2 emissions from car travel, which has the largest share of emissions in road transport. The study is based on various decomposition analyses, starting from the IPAT identity. As summarised in the IPAT identity, the degree of the Impact of human activity on the environment is determined by changes in Population, Affluence (per-capita consumption) and Technology (environmental impact per quantity of consumption). In the case of CO”2 emissions from car travel in Great Britain, the affluence (A) factor (car driving distance per person) was a dominant force for the growth of emissions over the last 30 years. Not only do people travel longer distances by cars than 30 years ago, but car occupancy rates have also decreased, contributing to the growth of car driving distance per person. Although technology (T) factors such as fuel efficiency and fuel substitution to diesel fuel partly cancelled out these growth effects of affluence factors, this contribution was relatively small. However, in the 1990s there emerged a different pattern in the trend. Of the affluence (A) factors, the growth rate of car trip distance per person weakened considerably. As for the technology (T) effect, the carbon intensity of car driving kept decreasing over this period. Therefore, although CO”2 emissions from car travel (I) continued to increase, the growth rate became substantially lower than in the earlier periods. More detailed investigation into the determinants of both affluence (A) factors and technology (T) factors is needed to confirm whether the trend in the 1990s indicates that carbon dioxide emission from car travel in Great Britain reached the turning point of the Environmental Kuznets Curve.
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Read MoreCar, Travel & Entertainment and Home Office Deductions CPE Course (2006-2007)
Car, Travel & Entertainment and Home Office Deductions CPE Course (2006-2007)
Almost all business taxpayers, from the small sole proprietorship to the largest international corporation, incur business expenses for cars and travel and entertainment. In addition, in this era of long work hours and home-based entrepreneurs, it is estimated that more than 22 million people do some job-related work in their homes. Cars, travel and entertainment, and home office expenses are common business tax deductions. Yet, because of the complex nature of the Internal Revenue Code and ever-changing IRS regulations and rulings, taxpayers have to go to uncommon lengths to determine their maximum allowable deductions. What is a correct deduction one year may be incorrect the next year due to changes in the law or changes in how the law is interpreted. CCH’s Car, Travel & Entertainment and Home Office Deductions guides the user through the ins and outs of maximizing deductions for these common business expenses. In addition to detailed, clear explanations and practical examples of how the tax law is applied, this resource supplies the user with the following helpful and necessary information: * Depreciation tables for electric and conventionally powered cars * Tables for determining what amount to include in income when a car is leased * Filled-in Form 2106 illustrating employee business deductions * Filled-in Form 8829 illustrating the deduction for home office expenses * Worksheet for determining the maximum home office deduction * Worksheets for determining the correct taxable gain when a home that was used partially as an office is sold. NEW! New with this edition, Car, Travel & Entertainment and Home Office Deductions includes additional learning components supplementing the text to help users more fully understand and retain the information provided — e.g., learning objectives, review questions and answers, and final exam for CPE credits (grading fee additional). In addition, this convenient volume’s Appendix provides the Annual Lease Values T
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Read MoreThe Perfect Travel Games: Helping to Pass The Time On Those Long Trips
The Perfect Travel Games: Helping to Pass The Time On Those Long Trips
…These games come with several brightly colored boards that have pictures of road signs, trees, cows, and other things you might see while on the road. Whenever your kid comes across something that is on their board all they have to do is slide a little red tab to cover it up. The first one to get bingo wins a prize!
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Read MoreMoney Secrets the Pros Don’t Want You to Know
Money Secrets the Pros Don’t Want You to Know: 365 Ways to Outsmart Your Banker, Broker, Insurance Agent, Car Dealer, Realtor, Travel Agent, Lawyer, Credit Card Company –
Money Secrets is packed with short, easy-reading segments giving readers one quick money-saving tip after another. It covers every important financial area of life–personal money management, banking, credit cards, financing a child’s college education, minimizing taxes, and more. b: 2/95.
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Price: $ 1.75
Read MoreGet Up and Go: The History of American Road Travel (People’s History)
Get Up and Go: The History of American Road Travel (People’s History)
Examines how people have traveled across the United States on roads from Indian trails to interstate highways and describes the development of different means of transportation and their impact on American society.
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Price: $ 67.44
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